Sonic Explorer and Visionary
On 25 March , Achille-Claude Debussy () lost his battle with rectal cancer at his Paris home. Aged 55, Debussy was universally acknowledged as one of the most important musicians of his time. His harmonic innovations had a profound influence on subsequent generations of composers, and by creating new genres and revealing a range of timbre and color he developed a highly original musical aesthetic. The eldest of five children, Debussy was born on 22 August in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. During the Franco-Prussian War in , the family escaped to Cannes and Debussy received his first piano lessons. Having never attended ordinary school, his musical talents allowed him entrance to the Paris Conservatoire at age When his dream of becoming a piano virtuoso was dashed, he enrolled in Emile Durand’s harmony class and subsequently studied composition with Ernest Guiraud. Experimental in his musical conception from the outset, Debussy was engaged by Nadezhda von Meck, Tchaikovsky’s patron, to teach her children. When he sent Tchaikovsky his Danse bohémienne in , the elder composer wrote, “It is a very pretty piece, but it is much too short. Not a single idea i
Claude Debussy: A Critical Biography
François Lesure's "critical biography" of Claude Debussy (Fayard, ) is widely recognized by scholars as the most comprehensive and reliable account of that composer's life and career as well as of the artistic milieu in whichhe worked. This encyclopedic volume draws extensively on Debussy's complete correspondence (at that time unpublished), a painstaking tracking of contemporary reviews and comments in the press, and an examination of other primary documents-including private diaries-that had not been available to previous biographers. As such, Lesure's book presents a wealth of new information while debunking a number of myths that had developed over the years since the composer's death in
The present English translation and revised edition, by Debussy authority Marie Rolf, augments Lesure's numerous notes with several thousand new ones by Rolf, providing more precise information oncrucial and sometimes contentious points. It also reflects Debussy scholarship that has appeared since , updating Lesure's seminal work. Rolf's
Claude Debussy, born Achille-Claude Debussy on August 22, , in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, was the eldest of five children in a modest family. His father, Manuel-Achille Debussy, owned a china shop, and his mother, Victorine Manoury Debussy, worked as a seamstress. Despite their humble circumstances, Debussy&#;s musical talents were recognized early on.
| Members of a trio formed for Nadezhda von Meck. From left, Pyotr Danilchenko (violin), Władysław Pachulski (cello) and Claude Debussy (piano). |
Debussy began piano lessons at the age of seven with an Italian violinist, Jean Cerutti. His prodigious talent led him to the Paris Conservatoire in , where he studied piano, solfège, and composition. His teachers included prominent figures such as Antoine Marmontel (piano), Émile Durand (composition), and Albert Lavignac (theory). Though he excelled in his studies, Debussy often clashed with his instructors over his unorthodox musical ideas, showing early signs of his rebellious and innovative spirit.
Early Career and Influences
Debussy's time at the Conservatoire was a period of both learning and rebellion. He was drawn to the works of Richard Wagner, whose music drama
Achille-Claude Debussy () was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, about 20 miles outside of Paris, the son of shopkeepers. (He eventually would drop the Achille.) The family soon moved to Clichy, closer to Paris. Young Claude thought of being a painter, while his father initially hoped his son would enter the navy. It was the pianist Antoinette Maute, a student of Chopin, who discovered his musical talent and prepared him for entrance to the Paris Conservatory at age The boy began as a pianist, but switched to composition. His abilities were obvious, as were yearnings to break free from the composition restraints taught at the Conservatory. Traveling intensified those yearnings. A trip to Russia exposed him to the exotic harmony of composers like Rimsky-Korsakov and Borodin. Later he would discover the nativism of Mussorgsky. Winning the Prix de Rome sent him to Rome for study in , though he did not enjoy his stay there and returned to Paris before the end of his term. A trip to Bayreuth in helped make him a devotee of Wagner; a visit a year later began his retreat. That same year he was captivated by the free melodies and rhythms of the Javanese music he heard at the Universa
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