Ancient Indian literature is a diverse collection of spiritual and secular works that have been passed down through generations as oral traditions. From the profound Vedas, including the Rigveda, to the epic tales of Ramayana and Mahabharata, it spans various genres. The Gupta period saw a literary flourish, with works encompassing songs, drama, poetry, allegories, comedies, philosophical discourses, and more, reflecting the diverse interests of the time.
Secular themes such as politics, romance, and philosophy were explored alongside religious ones. In the Southern part of India, Tamil literature emerged earliest, with Sangam literaturecovering politics, love, and war, followed by works in Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam, which offered valuable insights into ancient history and culture.
The Vedic Literature
The Vedic period is the foundation of ancient Indian literature. It is a collection of sacred texts that were orally passed down for centuries before they were written. The Vedic literature is divided into distinct components.
- The Vedic literature consists of the four Vedas – Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva.
- The Rig Veda: Itis the earliest of the four
Historic £bn deal provides thousands of air defence missiles for Ukraine and boosts UK jobs and growth
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It is the largest contract ever received by Thales in Belfast and the second largest MOD has placed with Thales, building on a previous contract with Thales, signed in September for missiles. The first batch of missiles were delivered before Christmas, and this new contract will continue deliveries.
The deal comes after the Prime Minister announced the Government’s commitmen
வரலாற்று கதைகள் | History Stories in Tamil
தமிழ் வரலாற்று கதைகள் (history stories in tamil) என்பது ஒரு தனிப்பட்ட மனிதனின் வாழ்க்கையையும், வீழ்ச்சியையும் மட்டும் குறிப்பதல்ல. பல நூறு ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்பாக வாழ்ந்த நம் நாட்டை, தமிழ் சமூகத்தை, அதன் பரந்த நிலப்பரப்பை அதில் வாழ்ந்த மக்களின் வாழ்க்கையை நம் கண் முன்னே காட்சிப்படுத்தும் ஆவணம் என்றே இந்த வரலாற்றுக் கதைகளைக் (history stories in tamil)
கூறலாம்.
காலம் காலமாக, இப்படியான நம் முன்னோர்களின் வரலாறுகள் பல்வேறு கலை வடிவங்களில் அடுத்தடுத்த தலைமுறைகளுக்கு கடத்தப்பட்டுக் கொண்டு தான் இருக்கிறது. இதன் நவீனவடிவமாக, மொபைல் போன், கம்ப்யூட்டர் என்று இணைய வசதிகள் பெருகிவிட்ட இந்த காலத்திலும்.. வாசகர்களுக்கு வரலாற்றின் மீதாக இருக்கும் ஈர்ப்பு குறைந்து விடலாகாது என்பதற்காகவே நமது பிரதிலிபி வரலாறு சார்ந்த கருத்துகளுக்கு தொடர்ந்து முக்கியத்துவம் அளித்து வருகிறது. அதன் ஒரு பகுதியாகத்தான் இந்த வரலாற்று கதைகள் (history stories in tamil) பகுதி அமைக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.
அதிலும் வரலாற்றில் நடந்த உண்மை நிகழ்வு ஒன்று எடுத்துக் கொண்டு, எழுத்தாளருடைய கற்பனையையும் கலந்து எழுதப்படும் சரித்திரப் புதினங்கள் படிக்கப் படிக்க நம்முள் பலபடிமங்களை உருவாக்க வல்லவை. இவ்வாறு, ஒரு வரலாற்று நூல் என்பது பல்வேறு உள்அடுக்குகளை தன்னகத்தே கொண்டது. அவ்வளவு ஏன் பழங்கால கல்வெட்
The ‘rediscovery’ of Sangam literature and how it became a source of Tamil history and archaeology
Sangam literature and its ‘rediscovery’
Recognised as the earliest literature from South India, Sangam refers to a group of texts written in old Tamil. The corpus includes eight anthologies of poems, 10 idylls, a work on grammar, and 18 minor works. Altogether, there are about 2, poems by poets and poems by anonymous authors. While scholars are divided about the precise dates of the Sangam texts, there is a general understanding that they were composed between the third century BCE and the third century CE.
The Sangam poems can be divided into two types – the akam and the puram. While akam poems have love as their theme, puram poems deal with themes such as war, death, community, kingdom, etc.
Even though the Sangam poems are deeply intertwined in Tamil consciousness, it was only in the late 19th or early 20th centuries that these texts were ‘rediscovered’, resulting in their widespread popularity. “Before that, most of these poems were transmitted orally,” explains journalist Nirmala Lakshman, who has authored the book The Tamils: A Portrait of a Community ().
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- The Rig Veda: Itis the earliest of the four