Catholic Encyclopedia ()/Pope Clement XII
(LORENZO CORSINI).
Born at Florence, 7 April, ; elected 12 July, ; died at Rome 6 February, The pontificate of the saintly Orsini pope, Benedict XIII, from the standpoint of the spiritual interests of the Church, had left nothing to be desired. He had, however, given over temporal concerns into the hands of rapacious ministers; hence the finances of the Holy See were in bad condition; there was an increasing deficit, and the papal subjects were in a state of exasperation. It was no easy task to select a man who possessed all the qualities demanded by the emergency. After deliberating for four months, the Sacred College united on Cardinal Corsini, the best possible choice, were it not for his seventy-eight years and his failing eyesight.
A Corsini by the father's side and by the mother's a Strozzi, the best blood of Florence coursed through his veins. Innumerable were the members of his house who had risen to high positions in Church and State, but its chief ornament was St. Andrew Corsini, the canonized Bishop of Fiesole. Lorenzo made a brilliant course of studies, first in the Roman College, then at the University of Pisa, wher
CONCILIUM AVENIONENSE
Anno Christi MCCCXXVI
In some districts of our provinces, there are people, mostly noblemen, sometimes commoners, organizing leagues, societies, conspiracies that are forbidden by the ecclesiastic law as well as by the civil law; under the name of brotherhoods.
They gather once a year at places where their secret assemblies and meetings are being held; having entered the room, they take an obligation according to which they must support each other against everybody except their Masters [and] assist, advise and help each other in any situation.
Sometimes, having put on a uniformed costume and using tokens and distinctive signs, they elect one of theirs as leader; to whom they swear complete obedience: therefore justice is suffering as a result [and] murder and robbery follow. [There is] no peace nor security anymore; the innocent and the poor are being oppressed; churches and church people, being of course considered by those persons as their enemies, must suffer as individuals and in their belongings. In the fields of laws and courts, there are all kinds of iniquities and prejudices.
We do intend to set ourselves immediately against such awkw
Pope Clement XII was the th pope to lead the Catholic Church and its Papal States as well as being the 12th pope to take the name of Clement. In acknowledgement of the vast number of personalities who have governed Catholicism, this guide has been created to distinguish Clement XII from the many other Clements, as well as the various other popes throughout history.
Covered below is the gist of his time before becoming pope, any notable things he did or achieved during his papacy, a stat sheet and a handful of personal tidbits.
Life Before the Papacy.
Lorenzo was born to the Florentine nobles Marquis Bartolomeo Corsini of Casigliano and Elisabetta Strozzi, the lattet being related to the Duke of Bagnuolo. He studied at the Jesuit Roman College, as well as the University of Pisa, in pursuit of doctorates in canon and civil law. Corsini would apply his education under the auspices of Cardinal Neri Corsini, his uncle.
After both his father and uncle perished in , Corsini became the head of the Corsini clan. Rather than accept that mantle, he bought the rank of prelate and focused his time and money on growing the library he had acquired from Cardinal Corsini.
Five years l
Pope Clement
Clement IV
Clement was the name of 14 popes and three antipopes. The antipope CLEMENT III, who claimed the apostolic throne between and , protested strongly when Emperor Henry IV permitted Jews who had become converted to Christianity during the anti-Jewish riots of the First Crusade to revert to Judaism. The recognized CLEMENT III (–91) reissued the bull Sicut Judaeis, protecting the Jews at the time of the Third Crusade. CLEMENT IV (–68) not only approved the condemnation and banishment of Naḥmanides after his public disputation at Barcelona with the apostate Pablo Christiani (though he forbade his execution or mutilation), but by his bull Turbato corde, reiterated by several of his successors, increased the powers of the Inquisition to track down converts who had reverted to Judaism, including those forced to convert on peril of their lives.
CLEMENT VI (–52), one of the Avignon popes, showed favor to the Jews on several occasions, although he enforced the wearing of the badge . He granted the Jews of Seville permission to build a new synagogue (), on the grounds that they had been helpful in the struggle against the Muslims. He advised against the expuls
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