Today, we just miss fame. The University of Houston's College of Engineering presents this series about the machines that make our civilization run, and the people whose ingenuity created them.
Josef Loschmidt was born into a poor Bohemian peasant family in With the help of a village priest and the Catholic Church he managed to gain an education in science. He worked for a while in the new chemical process industry where he invented a way to produce nitrate. Then that process turned out to have been known fifty years earlier. That was an odd hint of things to come.
For several years, Loschmidt tried to set himself up in business, only to go bankrupt. So, at the age of 33, he gave up on business and went back to theoretical physics. There he made many contributions, all of which became overshadowed by the works of others. Here's one:
He soon published a book on chemistry in which he discussed benzene, a compound that'd baffled people. They couldn't see how the atoms were arranged. It was he who first saw they had to form a ring. But his description of how the atoms linked to each other was incorrect. Soon after, chemist Friedrich Kekulé got it right, and Loschmidt's contributi
Loschmidt, Johann Joseph
(b. Putschirn, near Carlsbad, Bohemia [now Karlovy Vary, Czechoslovakia], 15 March ; d. Vienna, Austria, 8 July )
physics, chemistry.
Loschmidt was the oldest of four children of a poor peasant family. The young Loschmidt showed more aptitude for schoolwork than work in the fields and was enrolled in the parochial school in Schlackenwerth (near Carlsbad) in with the help of the village priest; in , again with the assistance of the Catholic clergy, he entered Humanistic Gymnasium in Prague. From he studied classical philology and philosophy at the German University in Prague.
Loschmidt became a lecturer under Franz Exner, who aided the impoverished young man and advised him to concentrate on mathematics. He commissioned Loschmidt to enlarge on Herbart’s attempts at a mathematical treatment of psychology and to put it on a more solid basis. However, despite intense efforts, Loschmidt achieved only negative results, primarily because of difficulties encountered in the measurement of the intensities of psychological experiences.
In Loschmidt joined Exner in Vienna to study the natural sciences, though his favourable field remained the border area
Johann Josef Loschmidt
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Jan or Johann Josef Loschmidt (March 15, - July 8, ) who referred to himself mostly as 'Josef' (omitting his first name), was a notable Austrian scientist who performed groundbreaking work in chemistry, physics (thermodynamics, optics, electrodynamics) and crystal forms.
Born of poor Bohemian farming stock in Po�erny (Putschirn), now part of Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic, Loschmidt became professor of physical chemistry at the University of Vienna in
He had two early mentors. The first was a Bohemian priest, Adalbert Czech, who persuaded Loschmidt's parents to send young Josef to high school in the Piarist monastery in Schlackenwerth and, in , to advanced high-school classes in Prague.
This was followed by two years of philosophy and mathematics at Prague's Charles University, where Loschmidt met his second important mentor. This was the philosophy professor Franz Exner, whose eyesight was failing, and who asked Loschmidt to be his personal reader. Exner was known for his innovative school reforms, which included promoting mathematics and science as important subjects. He suggested
Loschmidt, Johann Joseph
Genealogy
V Anton Loschmid (* ), Schneidermeister, S d. Kleinhäuslers Karl in Jenischau u. d. Sophie Jugler;
M Maria Anna (* ), T d. Häuslers Karl Peterl in Putschirn u. d. Elisabeth Steidl;
⚭ Wien Caroline Magdalena Barbara (–), T d. Weißgerbermeisters Johann Mayr in Bozen u. d. Karoline Bauer;
1 S (jung †).
Biography
L. besuchte die Klosterschule in Schlackenwerth b. Karlsbad, danach das Humanistische Gymnasium in Prag und begann an der dortigen Deutschen Universität ein Studium der Philosophie. Seit studierte er an der Univ. Wien Naturwissenschaften (Dr. phil. ). Er nahm bis Ende im Laboratorium A. Schrötters am ersten dort durchgeführten chemischen Praktikum teil und erarbeitete mit B. Margulies ein Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Natriumnitrat (Natron- oder Chilesalpeter) in Kaliumnitrat für Schießpulver. Da seine Versuche, sich als Chemiker selbständig zu machen, erfolglos verliefen, wandte sich L. erneut naturwissenschaftlichen Forschungen zu, wobei ihn J. Stefan, Direktor des Physikalischen Instituts der Universität, unterstützte. legte L. die Lehramtsprüfung ab und wurde Lehrer für Physik, Chemie und Algebra an einer Wiener Realschu
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